What ingredient is vermouth primarily flavored with?

Vermouth is primarily flavored with wormwood, which is a key botanical that gives vermouth its distinctive and slightly bitter profile. Wormwood, specifically the species Artemisia absinthium, has been used for centuries in the production of various herbal liqueurs and is notable for its aromatic and bitter qualities. The inclusion of wormwood in vermouth is essential, as it serves both as a flavoring agent and as a distinguishing characteristic, setting it apart from other fortified wines.

While other botanicals and herbs, such as anise and various spices, may also contribute to the overall flavor profile of vermouth, wormwood remains the primary ingredient that defines it. The process of creating vermouth involves macerating these botanicals with base wine, which extracts their flavors and aromas, ultimately resulting in the unique taste that characterizes different styles of vermouth, whether dry or sweet.